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C. H. RUDD AND GEORGE W. SHAWK, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 68,577, dated September 3, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELEUTBO-MAGNETIG PUMPS.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, O. H. Reno and GEORGE W. Snuvn, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga, and

tate of Ohio, have'invented certain new and iiseful Improvements in Electra-Magnetic Pumps; and We do hereby declare that the following is a full and complete description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a side view of the machine Figure 2 is a top view.

Figure 3 is an end view.

Figure 4 is a transverse section.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the views.

In fig. 2, A A are a pair of helices, whichare constructed in the ordinary way, with insulated coiled Wire upon spools B, and central or core magnets G, all of which are properly insulated and connected to the battery by the usual negative and-positive poles and conductors. A pair of these helices is placed at each end of the table D, as shown in fig. 2, between which is arranged a pump, constructed in the following manner: D is a cylinder, secured to the table by a band, E. To this cylinder is fitted a piston, F, fig. which may be con str'ucted in the same manner as the piston of an ordinary steam engine, with a head and follower, and elastic ring packing G, all of which are placed upon the rod H, and secured to the same by :1 nut, I. It will be seen that the piston-rod H passes through the head, and. projected from each side ofthe same through the ends of the cylinder, guided and sustained by the sleeves or stufiing-boxes I, as shown in fig. 2. Each extreme end of the rod is furnished with a bar, J J, to which reference will hereafter be made. In the-chamber K is located a button-valve, K, which is made. to open inward. A valve corresponding tov this is arranged and located on the opposite end of the cylinder; and relatively in the same position, above this valve, and in the same line of diameter, is another chamber and valve, L L, of the same size and construction, which, however, unlike the other, open outward. A valve corresponding to this is also arranged on the opposite end of the cylinder, and relatively occupying the same position. Thus each end of the cylinder is alike provided with two valves, the lower one of which opens inward and is the inductive valve, and the upper one opening outward, the eduetion, and which are connected by pipes to the well or water. I

Having thus described the construction and general arrangement of the machine, the practical operation or" the same is as follows The helices on being connected to the battery by the usual positive and negative \vires M M and N, secured in the cups hi, the magnet G in the helices A is charged and attracts the armature to i ell, thus drawing the piston I" in that direction more or less, as the distance that the armature may be attracted. As the piston moves to the right, the water is forced from the cylinder through the valve L. At the same time the valve K opens on the opposite end of the cylinder, and through which the water flows into the cylinder and fills the space between the head and piston. On breaking the circuit established in the helices A", and charging the helices A, the armature J is attracted by the magnets C, which draws the piston-hall to the opposite end of the cylinder, forcing the water out through the upper valve L. At the some time the lower valve 18'. is opened by the cxterna-l pressure of the \'\Zli(31,s\lll6ll flows into the cylinder and fills the space between the piston and head, as in the former case, and so on alternate.

y. As the connection is made and broken in each pair of helices, the pump is made to work rcciprocull receiving and discharging water from each end or the cylinder.

The clectro-uiugnet has long been looked to as an agent through which electricity could be used a motive power. The machines that have been constructed, having in view this end, have failed 1 ainiy from the fact that the power obtained and exerted diminishes so rapidly as the distances he'tvrcon the magnet and the object to be attracted increases, the power diminishing as the square-of the distance increases. It ecomcs, therefore, necessary to find some means of using the magnet so that the distance between it and the armature, or the object to be attracted, shall be so short as to secure the greatest possible attractive force. With the pump above described, strokes oft-lie piston .a' sixteenth of an inch or less may be made available, as the diameter of the cylinder may be increased, and thus compensates with a large diameter'and a rapid stroke what it may lack;

in length, and thereby obtain the desired result, viz, pumping air or water in the manner as above described.

I We do not confine ourselves to any special way of changing current from one to the other of magnets A A, in order to produce a reciprocating motion of pump, but would suggest the following as one means: Let rod a, fig. 2, be one side of a small battery, and adjusting-screw b, fig. 2, .be the'other side. The motion of armature J towards its magnet A would bring these two sides together, producing a current. We propose to pass this current through a small magnet, which we propose,to use in connection with the pump, The charging of this auxiliary magnet by the small battery referred to, is designed to depress one end of a balance-lever, which depression closes the circuit of the large battery through magnet A. Thislever mustbe provided with an attachment by which it will remain depressed until the magnet A has done its work, viz,has drawn armature J as near to itself as is possible without touching, at which moment rod 0 must strike adj usting-screw d, which will close a circuit from the small battery through another small magnet. depressing a lever that will close the circuit through magnet A, and at the same moment draw thearmatnre ofthe first small magnet away from said magnet for another stroke of the piston. Thus both sides are operated, and operate substantially and alternately alike, thereby producing a reciprocating movement of the piston. We have set our cups in the drawing to agree with our suggestions, those connected to the armatures J and J by spiral wires being one side of small battery, and brass strips 5 holding adjusting screws 1; d. The other cup N is the point for attaching one pole of thelarge battery, from which cup a wire, 12, runs to one side of each large magnet A A. Cups n n are to be so connected to our auxiliary'instrument that the opposite side of the large battery may be thrown to, either one as is necessary to produce the movement of the piston.

What we claim as our improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

1. The magnets A A, as arranged, in combination with the armature J 5'', piston F, and rods d c, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth.

2.- The application of the electro-magne'tic apparatus to the pump, when constructed and arranged to operate conjointly as and for the purpose substantially as specified.

C. H. RUDD, GEO. W. SHAWK.

Witnesses:

J. H. BURRIDGE, W. H. Bunnrncn, 

